How to Keep Your Pet Safe in Summer

During July, the sky will reverberate with the many sounds that accompany the Fourth of July Celebrations. We may enjoy the revelry, but for some pets, fireworks, like thunderstorms, can cause a great deal of stress including:

• Violent shaking, trembling
• Excessive drooling
• Barking, howling
• Trying to hide or get into / out of the house, fence, or other enclosure
• Refusing to eat food
• Some animals may lose bladder or bowel control or experience temporary diarrhea from prolonged stress

So what can an owner do to protect their pets from the stress associated with fireworks?

• Keeping pets indoors. Close the windows and drapes, turn on the TV or radio to provide some distraction.
• A quiet place, such as a carrier or crate may provide your pet with a sense of security and comfort.
• Using a leash or carrier if you must be outside with your pet to keep them from running off.
• Making sure pet ID is current. Make sure that your pet has proper identification tags, with current information, in case they get away. Micro-chipping is strongly recommended.

Some pets do fine and don't seem to notice the fireworks. But some pets cannot be calmed by petting or talking to them - they are simply too upset by the noise. Animals who are frightened or stressed can hurt themselves and possibly escape if left alone, and the results can be fatal. Frightened animals running loose are in great danger of being lost or, worse yet, hit by a car. 

If nothing seems to work to calm your pet talk to your veterinarian about tranquilizers. They are not for every pet but they can help calm some who are overly sensitive to loud noises.

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For many people, nothing beats spending time in the backyard with good friends and family - including the four-legged members of the household. While it may seem like a great idea to reward our pets with scraps from the grill and bring them along to watch fireworks, in reality some festive foods and products can be potentially hazardous to your pets. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center offers the following tips: 

• Never leave alcoholic drinks unattended where pets can reach them. Alcoholic beverages have the potential to poison pets. If ingested, the animal could become very intoxicated and weak, severely depressed or could go into a coma. Death from respiratory failure is also a possibility in severe cases.
• Do not apply any sunscreen or insect repellent product to your pet that is not labeled specifically for use on animals. Ingestion of sunscreen products can result in drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive thirst and lethargy. The misuse of insect repellent that contains DEET can lead to neurological problems.
• Always keep matches and lighter fluid out of your pets' reach. Certain types of matches contain chlorates, which could potentially damage blood cells and result in difficulty breathing - or even kidney disease in severe cases. Lighter fluid can be irritating to skin, and if ingested can produce gastrointestinal irritation and central nervous system depression. If lighter fluid is inhaled, aspiration pneumonia and breathing problems could develop.
• Keep your pets on their normal diet. Any change, even for one meal, can give your pet severe indigestion and diarrhea. This is particularly true for older animals who have more delicate digestive systems and nutritional requirements. Keep in mind that foods such as onions, chocolate, coffee, avocado, grapes & raisins, salt and yeast dough can all be potentially toxic to companion animals.
• Do not put glow jewelry on your pets, or allow them to play with it. While the luminescent substance contained in these products is not highly toxic, excessive drooling and gastrointestinal irritation could still result from ingestion, and intestinal blockage could occur from swallowing large pieces of the plastic containers.
• Keep citronella candles, insect coils and oil products out of reach. Ingestion can produce stomach irritation and possibly even central nervous system depression. If inhaled, the oils could cause aspiration pneumonia in pets.
• Never use fireworks around pets! While exposure to lit fireworks can potentially result in severe burns and/or trauma to the face and paws of curious pets, even unused fireworks can pose a danger. Many types contain potentially toxic substances, including potassium.

Also,

• Walk with caution. Don't walk your dog during the day's highest heat and humidity, which is usually between 1 and 4 PM. This is especially important for dogs with short snouts, who can't pant as efficiently in humid weather due to their narrowed nostrils and windpipes.
• Look out for heat exhaustion. If your dog shows signs of heat stress-heavy panting, dry or bright red gums, thick drool, vomiting, diarrhea, or wobbly legs - don 't place them in ice cold water, which can put them into shock. Instead, move them to a cool place, drape a damp towel over their body, rewetting the cloth frequently, and get them to the vet as soon as you possibly can. A dog's normal temperature is between 100° and 102.5°F, so once they hit 104°F, they are in dangerous territory (106°F or higher can be fatal).
• Don't share. Barbecue scraps and fatty leftovers can give your pup pancreatitis, causing severe abdominal pain or death. Corn on the cob is also a huge no-no because they can lodge in a dog's intestines.

Pet Preparedness Month

Summer vacation and travelling with your pets starts now! Be prepared with these helpful tips.

Microchips
Your pet's collar is frequently the first thing lost, so having a permanent form of identification is very important. Microchip companies most often supply a collar tag with the microchip number. You can put this on your key chain so you have access to the microchip number and the company's contact information.

First Aid Supply
Put together a first aid kit for your pet. Suggested items include a rectal thermometer, bandage scissors, bandaging material, triple antibiotic ointment, hydrogen peroxide, and Benadryl.

Medication
Always make sure you have enough prescription medication while you are traveling. Bring medications in the original container.

Rabies
Many states require proof or Rabies vaccination. Make sure your pet is up-to-date on vaccines and take a copy of the Rabies certificate with you.

Veterinarian
Always have your veterinarians contact information with you. Do some research before you leave to find a veterinary hospital near your travel destination in case of an emergency.

As always...have fun!

Lyme Disease Awareness Month

Recommendations

USE TICK PRODUCT: 

Available products
Topical - sit in oil glands or on hair shaft, and must be applied every 30 days.
(We carry Frontline, Advantix/Advantage)

Sprays (Vetri-Repel, Avon Skin-So-Soft, Frontline)

Collars (Preventic, Seresto, Breakaway for cats)

All are available and have different properties and lengths of time between use. Oral products such as Nexgard are given once a month and the tick must bite to be affected.

TESTING: 
At least once yearly we recommend screening for tick diseases. Those prevalent in this area are Lyme disease, Anaplasma and Erlichia Canis. We have screening test that is a color change test that screens for these diseases as well as Heartworm. If this test comes back positive we recommend following up with a titer. This test gives an actual number that can be tracked to ensure successful treatment.

Lyme disease left untreated can affect the kidneys so we like to screen yearly to catch things early. Preferably before clinical symptoms are seen.

Deer ticks and American Dog ticks are the most common seen in the area.

Top 10 Cat Emergencies

Cats often become reclusive and hide when they are not feeling well, which makes knowing when they need to be seen by your veterinarian a challenge. They have unique signs of emergency conditions that often go unrecognized by owners. Some injuries are obvious, such as a cat with an open wound, while others have more subtle signs that can be equally dangerous if left untreated. Knowing signs of illness is crucial in determining when to seek emergency care for your cat. Below is a list of some of the most common cat emergencies and their signs.

Urethral Obstruction

This is a condition in which a cat, usually male, is unable to urinate due to a blockage in the urethra (the tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside environment).

Cats will show a sudden onset of restless behavior, which includes frequent trips in and out of the litter box. They will often attempt to urinate in unusual places such as in a bath tub or on a plastic bag. You may notice a very small stream of urine that contains blood. More often than not, despite a cat’s straining, there may be no urine or even just a drop produced. In later stages of the obstruction, cats may cry loudly, vomit, and become lethargic.

You should consider these signs a serious emergency and seek veterinary care immediately. There are reports of cats developing kidney failure and dying within 12 hours after the onset of signs. Expect your cat to be hospitalized at least 36 hours for treatment of this condition. Veterinary treatments may include a urinary catheter, intravenous fluids, and pain management. Female cats are less likely to become obstructed due to their wider urinary tract.

Toxicities (Poisoning)

The combination of their curious nature and unique metabolism (the way their body breaks down chemicals) makes cats vulnerable to toxins. Owners are often unaware that their home contains multiple products that are poisonous to felines. The most common cat toxins include antifreeze, Tylenol, and rat or mouse poison.

The signs your cat displays depends on the type of poison he or she has encountered. Antifreeze will often cause wobbliness or a drunken appearance first, then progresses to vomiting/weakness as the kidneys fail. Tylenol may cause an unusual swelling of the head and changes the cat’s blood color from red to chocolate brown. Rat or mouse poison interferes with blood clotting so you may see weakness from internal blood loss or visible blood in the urine or stool.

Breathing Problems

Often, cats hide the signs of breathing problems by simply decreasing their activity. By the time an owner notices changes in the cat’s breathing, it may be late in the progression of the cat’s lung disease. There are several causes of breathing changes, but the most common are feline asthma, heart disease, or lung disease.

Foreign Object Ingestion

Many cats love to play with strings or string-like objects (such as dental floss, holiday tinsel, or ribbon), but those strings can be dangerous for your cat. When a string is ingested by a cat, one end may become lodged or “fixed” in place, often under the cat’s tongue, while the rest of the string passes further into the intestine. With each intestinal contraction, the string see-saws back and forth actually cutting into the intestine and damaging the blood supply.

Signs that your cat has eaten a foreign object may include vomiting, lack of appetite, diarrhea, and weakness. Occasionally owners will actually see part of a string coming from the mouth or anal area. You should never pull on any part of the string that is visible; instead, call your veterinary health care team immediately.

Surgery is usually necessary to remove the foreign object and any damaged sections of intestine.

Bite Wounds

Cats are notorious for both inflicting and suffering bite wounds during encounters with other cats. Because the tips of their canine, or “fang,” teeth are so small and pointed, bites are often not noticed until infection sets in, which is usually several days after the initial injury.

Cats may develop a fever and become lethargic 48 to 72 hours after experiencing a penetrating bite wound. They may be tender or painful at the site. If the wound becomes infected or abscessed, swelling and foul-smelling drainage may develop.

You should seek emergency care for bite wounds so your veterinarian can thoroughly clean the area and prescribe appropriate antibiotics. Occasionally, the wounds can develop large pockets called abscesses under the skin that require surgical placement of a drain to aid in healing.

Hit By Car

Cats that spend time outdoors are at a much greater risk for ending up in the emergency room. Being hit by a car is one of the most common causes of traumatic injuries, such as broken bones, lung injuries, and head trauma. You should always seek emergency care if your cat has been hit by a vehicle, even if he or she appears normal, because many injuries can develop or worsen over the following few hours.

Increased Thirst and Urination

Sudden changes in your cat’s thirst and urine volume are important clues to underlying disease. The two most common causes of these changes are kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.

Your veterinarian will need to check blood and urine samples to determine the cause of your cat’s change in thirst and urine. Having your pet seen on an emergency basis for these signs is important because prompt treatment increases chances for recovery. Exposure to certain toxins, such as antifreeze or lilies, will show similar signs, and delaying veterinary care can be fatal.

Sudden Inability to Use the Hind Legs

Cats with some forms of heart disease are at risk for developing blood clots. These clots can sometimes lodge in a large blood vessel—the aorta—where they can prevent normal blood flow to the hind legs. If your cat experiences such a blood clotting episode (often called a saddle thrombus or thromboembolic episode), you will likely see a sudden loss of the use of his or her hind legs, painful crying, and breathing changes.

On arrival at the emergency room, your cat will receive pain management and oxygen support. Tests will be done to evaluate the cat’s heart and determine if there is any heart failure (fluid accumulation in the lungs). Sadly, such an episode is often the first clue for an owner that his or her cat has severe heart disease. In most cases, with time and support, the blood clot can resolve, but the cat’s heart disease will require lifelong treatment.

Upper Respiratory Infections

Cats and kittens can experience a variety of upper respiratory diseases caused by a combination of bacteria or viruses. An upper respiratory infections, or URI, can cause sneezing, runny nose, runny eyes, lack of appetite, and fever. In severe cases, it can cause ulcers in the mouth, on the tongue, and on the eyes. More often than not, severe cases are seen in cats that have recently been in multiple-cat environments, such as shelters. Small kittens, or kittens struggling to thrive, are also easily infected and may develop more severe complications, such as low blood sugar.

Sudden Blindness

A sudden loss of vision is most likely to occur in an older cat. The most common cause is increased blood pressure (hypertension), which may be due to changes in thyroid function (hyperthyroidism) or kidney disease. There are some cats that appear to have hypertension with no other underlying disease.

Sudden blindness should be treated as an emergency and your veterinarian will measure your cat’s blood pressure, check blood tests, and start medications to lower the pressure and restore vision.

If you notice a change in your cat’s eyes, whether he or she loses vision or not, you should consider this an emergency have your pet seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Disclaimer: This website is not intended to replace professional consultation, diagnosis, or treatment by a licensed veterinarian. If you require any veterinary-related advice, contact your veterinarian promptly. Information at cathealth.com is exclusively of a general reference nature. Do not disregard veterinary advice or delay treatment as a result of accessing information at this site.

SOURCE: http://www.cathealth.com/safety/top-ten-emergencies-in-cats

Heartworm Disease in Dogs

April is Heartworm Awareness Month. Canine Heartworm disease is transmitted to dogs by the mosquito. A mosquito bites the infected dog and ingests the microscopic larvae. The larvae of the parasite Dirofilaria immitis develop in the mosquito and when the mosquito next bites a dog; they are transferred into the bloodstream. In a dog not receiving regular preventive, the larvae grove into adult worms that live in the heart and pulmonary arteries of the lungs. These adults can cause heart failure and lung disease, as well as producing larvae that perpetuate the life cycle. Administering a once monthly preventive will prevent the larvae from maturing. Preventive should be given year round. Dogs should be routinely and after missing more than two doses in a row. 

SOURCE: https://www.heartwormsociety.org/images/pdf/2016_AHS_Canine_Brochure_Elanco.pdf

Easter Pet Poisons

The veterinarians at Pet Poison Helpline receive hundreds of calls this time of year from pet owners and veterinarians concerning cats that have ingested Easter lilies.

“Unbeknownst to many pet owners, Easter lilies are highly toxic to cats,” said Ahna Brutlag, DVM, MS assistant director at Pet Poison Helpline. “All parts of the Easter lily plant are poisonous – the petals, the leaves, the stem and even the pollen. Cats that ingest as few as one or two leaves, or even a small amount of pollen while grooming their fur, can suffer severe kidney failure.” In most situations, symptoms of poisoning will develop within six to 12 hours of exposure. Early signs include vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy and dehydration. Symptoms worsen as kidney failure develops. Some cats will experience disorientation, staggering and seizures. “There is no effective antidote to counteract lily poisoning, so the sooner you can get your cat to the veterinarian, the better his chances of survival will be,” said Brutlag.

“If you see your cat licking or eating any part of an Easter lily, call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline immediately. If left untreated, his chances of survival are low.” Treatment includes inducing vomiting, administering drugs like activated charcoal (to bind the poison in the stomach and intestines), intravenous fluid therapy to flush out the kidneys, and monitoring of kidney function through blood testing. The prognosis and the cost – both financially and physically – to the pet owner and cat, are best when treated immediately. There are several other types of lilies that are toxic to cats as well. They are of the Lilium and Hemerocallis species and commonly referred to as Tiger lilies, Day lilies and Asiatic lilies. Popular in many gardens and yards, they can also result in severe acute kidney failure. These lilies are commonly found in florist bouquets, so it is imperative to check for poisonous flowers before bringing bouquets into the household.

Other types of lilies – such as the Peace, Peruvian and Calla lilies – are usually not a problem for cats and may cause only minor drooling. Thankfully, lily poisoning does not occur in dogs or people. However, if a large amount is ingested, it can result in mild gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting and diarrhea.

Other Dangers to Pets at Easter Time
 Pet Poison Helpline also receives calls concerning pets that have ingested Easter grass and chocolate. Usually green or yellow in color, Easter grass is the fake grass that often accompanies Easter baskets. When your cat or dog ingests something “stringy” like Easter grass, it can become anchored around the base of the tongue or stomach, rendering it unable to pass through the intestines. It can result in a linear foreign body and cause severe damage to the intestinal tract, often requiring expensive abdominal surgery. Lastly, during the week of Easter, calls to Pet Poison Helpline concerning dogs that have been poisoned by chocolate increase by nearly 200 percent.

While the occasional chocolate chip in one cookie may not be an issue, certain types of chocolate are very toxic to dogs. In general, the darker and more bitter the chocolate, the greater the danger. Baker’s chocolate and dark chocolate pose the biggest problem. The chemical toxicity is due to methylxanthines (a relative of caffeine) and results in vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, an abnormal heart rhythm, seizures, and possibly death. Other sources include chewable chocolate flavored multi-vitamins, baked goods, or chocolate-covered espresso beans. If you suspect that your dog ate chocolate, call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline immediately. Spring is in the air and Easter is a wonderful holiday. Remember that your pets will be curious about new items you bring into your household like Easter lilies, Easter grass and chocolate. Keep them a safe distance away from your pets’ reach and enjoy the holiday and the season.

 SOURCE: http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/pet-owners/seasons/easter/

Poison Prevention Awareness Month

Many substances found in every day surroundings can be poisonous to our pets. Chemicals, plants, or foods might prove dangerous or even fatal to them. Accidental poisoning can happen very quickly; keeping these things out of reach is the best way to prevent poisoning. Put together a poison safety kit to use in case of emergencies. Always consult your veterinarian before administering any treatment following ingestion.

Your safety kit should include:

• Hydrogen peroxide (3%)
• Saline eye solution
• Rubber gloves
• Pet carrier
• Can of soft pet food
• Dish soap (to wash skin)
• Muzzle

Toxic Plants

Amaryllis, caladium, and mistletoe are just a few of the many plants that are known to be toxic to pets. Even the water in a vase can be toxic in some cases, so extreme care must be taken. Below is a list of some of the other plants that are toxic to pets:

Cardiotoxic Plants (affect the heart):

• Lily of the valley
• Oleander
• Rhododendron
• Azalea
• Yew
• Foxglove
• Kalanchoe
• Cyclamen

Plants That Affect the Kidneys:

• Rhubard leaves
• Shamrocks
• Lilies (dangerous to cats only)

Plants That Can Result in Multiple Symptoms:

• Dracaena species
• Corn plant
• Ribbon plant
• Autumn crocus
• Daffodils

Toxic Foods

• Coffee grounds (can increase heart rate)
• Grapes and raisins (can cause kidney failure)
• Xylitol (sweetener found in gum, candy, and some peanut butters)
• Chocolate
• Yeast dough
• Avocado
• Alcoholic beverages
• Onions
• Macadamia nuts
• Tea
• Fatty foods (can cause inflammation of the pancreas)

To be safe, only feed your pet food, or foods approved by your veterinarian.

Human Medication

Many medications for people are deadly for pets. Never give your pet any medication unless directed by your veterinarian.

Flea Products

Always read the label on topical flea products. Many of the products designed for dogs are toxic to cats.


There are many other substances that can be toxic to our pets. The best prevention is to be ever vigilant to what is in our pets’ environment. If ever in doubt, call your veterinarian or ASPCA Poison Control Center at 888-426-4435 to learn if something is toxic and what your next step should be.